[Isolated minors' addictions: feedback from the Robert Debre hospital]. / Addictions chez les mineurs isolés : retour d'expérience de l'hôpital Robert-Debré.

ISOLATED MINORS' ADDICTIONS: FEEDBACK FROM THE ROBERT DEBRE HOSPITAL The emergency department of the Robert Debré pediatric hospital in Paris is receiving an increasing number of unaccompanied minors with somatic problems or who have overdosed on psychoactive substances. These young people are very vulnerable and in preca¬rious situations, with traumatic backgrounds, and are mostly boys from Maghreb. They are frequently used by criminal networks that keep them under the influence of addictive substances. They are generally dependent on tobacco and cannabis but can consume large quantities of drugs diverted from their use such as clonazepam and pregabaline, the risks of withdrawal of which compromise their access to care and can put them in danger. The liaison addiction team, in conjunction with the relevant partners in the city, has set up several tools to improve access to care for these vulnerable young people and enable them to be discharged within a legal framework: an identity recognition alert, a health alert and an initial emergen¬cy care protocol.

ADDICTIONS CHEZ LES MINEURS ISOLÉS : RETOUR D'EXPÉRIENCE DE L'HÔPITAL ROBERT-DEBRÉ Le service des urgences de l'hôpital pédiatrique Robert-Debré de Paris reçoit de plus en plus de mineurs non accompagnés pour des problèmes somatiques ou en situation de surdosage de produits psychoactifs. Ces jeunes très vulnérables et en situation précaire, au parcours traumatique, sont en majorité des garçons venant du Maghreb. Ils sont fréquemment utilisés par des réseaux de délinquance, qui les maintiennent sous l'emprise de substances addictives. Ils sont en général dépendants du tabac et du cannabis mais peuvent consommer de grandes quantités de médicaments détournés de leur usage, tels que le clonazépam et la prégabaline, dont les risques de sevrage compromettent leur accès aux soins et peuvent les mettre en danger. L'équipe d'addictologie de liaison a mis en place, avec les partenaires concernés de la ville, plusieurs outils pour améliorer l'accès aux soins de ces jeunes vulnérables et permettre leur sortie dans un cadre légal : une alerte de reconnaissance d'identité, une alerte sanitaire et un protocole de soins initial aux urgences.

Character of inhibitory control ability and the relationship with craving of mobile phone dependence college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This aim of the study is to analyze the general and specific inhibition control of college students who have mobile phone dependence and their craving for mobile phone after the wastage of inhibition control resource, and to provide a reference for the intervention.@*Methods@#The Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale was used to screen 40 mobile phone dependence and 40 non-dependence college students, who were divided into two groups completed two conditions of Numerical Stroop Task with and without mobile phone ringing sound interference. Craving for mobile phone before and after the Numerical Stroop Task was assessed.@*Results@#Mobile phone dependence group had significantly more Stroop interference scores than mobile phone normal use group under the two conditions( F =19.34, P <0.01).After completing the Numerical Stroop Task under the interference condition, mobile phone dependence group experienced a significant boost craving of mobile phone ( t =-6.02, P <0.01). The scores of craving for mobile phones after the Numerical Stroop Task had significant positive relationships with Stroop interference scores( r =0.51, 0.51 , P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The mobile phone dependence college students have poor inhibition control, inhibitory control which might associate with increase of craving for mobile phone.

[Correlation of health literacy and mobile phone use dependence with psychopathological symptoms in middle school students].

Objective: To explore the correlation of health literacy and mobile phone use dependence with psychopathological symptoms in middle school students. Methods: 22 628 middle school students in Shenyang, Bengbu, Xinxiang, Ulanqab, Chongqing and Yangjiang were enrolled by multistage cluster sampling method from November 2015 to January 2016. Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire (CAIHLQ), Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) were applied to acquire basic characteristics, health literacy, mobile phone use dependence and psychopathological symptoms of subjects. Subjects were classified into three groups, low level (P(75)), according to the percentile of the questionnaire score. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation of health literacy, mobile phone with psychopathological symptoms. Results: The students were (15.4±1.8) years old with 10 990 boys (48.6%). The score of health literacy of students were (104.1±18.7) points. The rate of mobile phone use dependence was 25.4% (5 752/22 628) and the rate of psychopathological symptoms was 29.1% (6 581/22 628). Compared with high health literacy level, medium and low health literacy levels were related to psychopathological symptoms, with OR (95%CI) about 2.30 (2.10-2.52) and 5.40 (4.89-5.97), respectively. Compared with mobile phone use independence, mobile phone use dependence was related to psychopathological symptoms, with OR (95%CI) about 3.60(3.37-3.85). The highest rate of psychopathological symptoms occurred in students with mobile phone use dependence and low health literacy level [68.0% (1 345/1 977)], with OR (95%CI) about 19.59 (17.07-22.48). Conclusion: Health literacy and mobile phone use dependence are related factors of psychopathological symptoms in middle school students.

Panorama de la dependencia en Chile: avances y desafíos / Dependency in Chile: advances and challenges

Chile is facing a process of rapid aging which poses several challenges. Among these challenges is the increase of dependency in the population. Despite its relevance, the topic has not been prioritized in the agenda. One explanation for this low-priority is the lack of information on the concept of dependency. This article shows that, in fact, no consensus exists in Chile on how to define and measure dependency. Additionally, it provides an updated estimation of dependency in the country, aiming to foster further debate on the topic.

Correlation of health literacy and mobile phone use dependence with psychopathological symptoms in middle school students / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the correlation of health literacy and mobile phone use dependence with psychopathological symptoms in middle school students.@*Methods@#22 628 middle school students in Shenyang, Bengbu, Xinxiang, Ulanqab, Chongqing and Yangjiang were enrolled by multistage cluster sampling method from November 2015 to January 2016. Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire (CAIHLQ), Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) were applied to acquire basic characteristics, health literacy, mobile phone use dependence and psychopathological symptoms of subjects. Subjects were classified into three groups, low level (<P25), medium level (P25-P75) and high level (>P75), according to the percentile of the questionnaire score. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation of health literacy, mobile phone with psychopathological symptoms.@*Results@#The students were (15.4±1.8) years old with 10 990 boys (48.6%). The score of health literacy of students were (104.1±18.7) points. The rate of mobile phone use dependence was 25.4% (5 752/22 628) and the rate of psychopathological symptoms was 29.1% (6 581/22 628). Compared with high health literacy level, medium and low health literacy levels were related to psychopathological symptoms, with OR (95%CI) about 2.30 (2.10-2.52) and 5.40 (4.89-5.97), respectively. Compared with mobile phone use independence, mobile phone use dependence was related to psychopathological symptoms, with OR (95%CI) about 3.60(3.37-3.85). The highest rate of psychopathological symptoms occurred in students with mobile phone use dependence and low health literacy level [68.0% (1 345/1 977)], with OR (95%CI) about 19.59 (17.07-22.48).@*Conclusion@#Health literacy and mobile phone use dependence are related factors of psychopathological symptoms in middle school students.

[Interactive effects between health literacy and mobile phone dependence as well as its relation with unintentional injuries in middle school students].

Objective: To investigate the interaction between health literacy, mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries in middle school students, and to provide guidance for prevention on unintentional injuries in adolescents. Methods: From November 2015 to January 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 22 628 middle school students in Shenyang of Liaoning province, Bengbu of Anhui province, Xinxiang of Henan province, Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chongqing and Yangjiang of Guangdong province. Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire (CAIHLQ), Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU), and Unintentional Injuries Assessment Scale and demographic variables were used to measure the health literacy, mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries among the Chinese middle school students. Results: The detection rates of mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries were 25.4% and 46.7%, respectively. The rates of unintentional injuries of middle school students with mobile phone dependence and with low, medium and high health literacy were 53.6%, 44.4% and 48.8%, 48.1%, 41.7%. Factors as mobile phone dependence, low and middle health literacy were positively related to unintentional injuries (OR=1.452, 1.196, 1.364). However, the multiplicative interaction between mobile phone dependence and health literacy on unintentional injuries was noticed significant (OR=1.217, 95%CI: 1.041-1.422). Conclusions: Our results showed that the prevalence of unintentional injuries was relatively high in middle school students. Health literacy and mobile phone dependence seemed related to unintentional injuries. Interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence on unintentional injuries appeared significant.

Deficiência: uma heurística para a condição humana / Disability: a heuristic for the human condition / Discapacidad: una heurística para la condición humana

Resumen Estudio de naturaleza teórica donde se evidencia la discapacidad como dispositivo heurístico para indagar la condición humana. La relación entre discapacidad y condición humana ha sido poco explorada. En la primera sección se analiza cómo vulnerabilidad y dependencia pertenecen a la condición humana e inciden en la discapacidad condicionando la pérdida de cualidades. Posteriormente se analiza la modalidad peculiar de posesión de las mismas. En la tercera parte se argumenta cómo a pesar de que con la discapacidad intelectual puede no manifestarse la racionalidad esto no supone una exclusión de la condición personal. Por último, se explica cómo no obstante con la discapacidad se puedan perder cualidades, no es posible perder la corporeidad y la pertenencia a la familia humana. Se empleó el enfoque heurístico con la formulación de preguntas apoyándose en tres casos hipotéticos. La discapacidad es un modo de manifestarse de la condición humana con valor heurístico porque ayuda a examinar aspectos constitutivos de nuestra existencia.

Abstract A theoretical study in which disability is evidenced as a heuristic device to investigate the human condition. The relationship between disability and human condition has been little explored. The first section analyzes how vulnerability and dependence belong to the human condition and affect disability by conditioning the loss of qualities. Subsequently, the peculiar modality of possession of our qualities is analyzed. The third part argues that even though a human being with intellectual disability may not manifest rationality this does not suppose an exclusion of the status of person. Finally, it is explained how, although qualities can be lost with the disability, it is not possible to lose the embodiment and belonging to the human family. The heuristic approach was used with the formulation of questions based on three hypothetical cases. Disability is a manifestation of the human condition. It has heuristic value because it helps to examine constitutive aspects of our existence.

Resumo Estudo teórico em que a deficiência é evidenciada como dispositivo heurístico para sondar a condição humana. A relação entre deficiência e condição humana tem sido pouco explorada. A primeira seção analisa como vulnerabilidade e dependência pertencem à condição humana e afetam a deficiência, condicionando a perda de qualidades. Posteriormente, a ideia de posse de nossas qualidades é analisada. Na terceira parte se argumenta que, embora um ser humano com deficiência intelectual não possa manifestar racionalidade, isso não supõe a exclusão do status pessoal. Por último, se explica como, apesar de ser possível perderem-se qualidades na deficiência, não é possível perder a corporeidade e o pertencimento à família humana. A abordagem heurística foi utilizada com a formulação de questões com base em três casos hipotéticos. A deficiência é uma manifestação da condição humana e tem valor heurístico porque ajuda a examinar aspectos constitutivos de nossa existência.

Is aging a problem?: Dependency, long-term care, and public policies in Chile.

Chile is facing changes associated with the demographic transition. So far, these challenges have been framed as age related. This has contributed to approaching a broad set of issues from a narrow perspective. The focus on aging has fragmented a multidisciplinary problem into different parts-particularly health and social policies-with different actors dealing with it from the perspective of their own sector. This process has generated an incomplete picture, preventing the definition and measurement of dependency and long-term care, and hindering a coordinated response to these issues. This article advocates for a change in the definition of the problem, by adopting the concept of long-term care, in order to gain a deeper and more comprehensive perspective on the issues arising from the situation that Chile is experiencing.

Chile está enfrentándose a cambios asociados con la transición demográfica. Hasta ahora, estos retos se han considerado como relacionados exclusivamente con la edad. Esto ha hecho que un conjunto amplio de problemas se aborde desde una perspectiva limitada. Al poner el énfasis en el envejecimiento, se ha dividido un problema multidisciplinario en diferentes partes ­en particular, en políticas sociales y de salud­ con diferentes actores que tratan el tema desde la perspectiva de su propio sector. Este proceso ha generado una imagen incompleta que no ha permitido definir ni medir la dependencia y la atención a largo plazo, y que ha impedido desarrollar una respuesta coordinada frente a estos temas. En este artículo se aboga por cambiar la definición del problema, adoptando el concepto de la atención a largo plazo, a fin de lograr una perspectiva más profunda e integral de los problemas que surgen de la situación por la que está pasando Chile.

O Chile passa por mudanças associadas à transição demográfica. Até o momento, porém, estes desafios têm sido contextualizados como relacionados com a idade. Isso vem contribuindo para que uma grande variedade de questões seja contemplada de uma perspectiva restrita. O foco no envelhecimento reduziu um problema multidisciplinar a vários fragmentos (em particular, políticas sociais e de saúde) com atores de diversos setores lidando com a questão de um prisma distinto. Este processo criou um quadro incompleto que impossibilita definir e mensurar dependência e assistência a longo prazo e impede lidar com estas questões de maneira coordenada. Neste artigo, os autores defendem mudar a definição do problema e adotar o conceito de assistência a longo prazo para conferir uma perspectiva mais aprofundada e abrangente às questões decorrentes da situação pela qual o Chile atravessa.

Associations between Elementary School Students' Cell Phone Dependency and Aggression: The Mediating Effects of Diverse Leisure Activities / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cell phone dependency and aggression in elementary school students with the mediating effect of leisure activities in South Korea. METHODS: Data were cross-sectional in study design with 1,555 fourth grade elementary school students participating in the 4th-year Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 and AMOS 21.0 program. RESULTS: Cell phone dependency has a significant effect on aggression, but it did not act as a control variable in the relationship between the protective factor, weekly book reading time and the amount of daytime play with aggression. Weekly entertainment time and weekly TV and video viewing time had a significant statistical effect on aggression, thus this study confirmed that cell phone dependency acts as a control variable in relation to aggression. CONCLUSION: As the entertainment time for elementary school students, the time spent watching TV and videos play a negative role, it is necessary to prepare a leisure activity management practice and strategies with an emphasis on entertainment time as well as, TV and video viewing as elementary school students' leisure activities for a healthy school life.

Is aging a problem?: Dependency, long-term care, and public policies in Chile / ¿Es el envejecimiento un problema? Dependencia, atención a largo plazo y políticas públicas en Chile / O envelhecimento é um problema?: dependência, assistência a longo prazo e políticas públicas no Chile

ABSTRACT Chile is facing changes associated with the demographic transition. So far, these challenges have been framed as age related. This has contributed to approaching a broad set of issues from a narrow perspective. The focus on aging has fragmented a multidisciplinary problem into different parts—particularly health and social policies—with different actors dealing with it from the perspective of their own sector. This process has generated an incomplete picture, preventing the definition and measurement of dependency and long-term care, and hindering a coordinated response to these issues. This article advocates for a change in the definition of the problem, by adopting the concept of long-term care, in order to gain a deeper and more comprehensive perspective on the issues arising from the situation that Chile is experiencing.

RESUMEN Chile está enfrentándose a cambios asociados con la transición demográfica. Hasta ahora, estos retos se han considerado como relacionados exclusivamente con la edad. Esto ha hecho que un conjunto amplio de problemas se aborde desde una perspectiva limitada. Al poner el énfasis en el envejecimiento, se ha dividido un problema multidisciplinario en diferentes partes —en particular, en políticas sociales y de salud— con diferentes actores que tratan el tema desde la perspectiva de su propio sector. Este proceso ha generado una imagen incompleta que no ha permitido definir ni medir la dependencia y la atención a largo plazo, y que ha impedido desarrollar una respuesta coordinada frente a estos temas. En este artículo se aboga por cambiar la definición del problema, adoptando el concepto de la atención a largo plazo, a fin de lograr una perspectiva más profunda e integral de los problemas que surgen de la situación por la que está pasando Chile.

RESUMO O Chile passa por mudanças associadas à transição demográfica. Até o momento, porém, estes desafios têm sido contextualizados como relacionados com a idade. Isso vem contribuindo para que uma grande variedade de questões seja contemplada de uma perspectiva restrita. O foco no envelhecimento reduziu um problema multidisciplinar a vários fragmentos (em particular, políticas sociais e de saúde) com atores de diversos setores lidando com a questão de um prisma distinto. Este processo criou um quadro incompleto que impossibilita definir e mensurar dependência e assistência a longo prazo e impede lidar com estas questões de maneira coordenada. Neste artigo, os autores defendem mudar a definição do problema e adotar o conceito de assistência a longo prazo para conferir uma perspectiva mais aprofundada e abrangente às questões decorrentes da situação pela qual o Chile atravessa.

Interactive effects between health literacy and mobile phone dependence as well as its relation with unintentional injuries in middle school students / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the interaction between health literacy,mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries in middle school students,and to provide guidance for prevention on unintentional injuries in adolescents.Methods From November 2015 to January 2016,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 22 628 middle school students in Shenyang of Liaoning province,Bengbu of Anhui province,Xinxiang of Henan province,Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Chongqing and Yangjiang of Guangdong province.Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire (CAIHLQ),Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU),and Unintentional Injuries Assessment Scale and demographic variables were used to measure the health literacy,mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries among the Chinese middle school students.Results The detection rates of mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries were 25.4％ and 46.7％,respectively.The rates of unintentional injuries of middle school students with mobile phone dependence and with low,medium and high health literacy were 53.6％,44.4％ and 48.8％,48.1％,41.7％.Factors as mobile phone dependence,low and middle health literacy were positively related to unintentional injuries (OR=1.452,1.196,1.364).However,the multiplicative interaction between mobile phone dependence and health literacy on unintentional injuries was noticed significant (OR=1.217,95％CI:1.041-1.422).Conclusions Our results showed that the prevalence of unintentional injuries was relatively high in middle school students.Health literacy and mobile phone dependence seemed related to unintentional injuries.Interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence on unintentional injuries appeared significant.

Interactive effects between health literacy and mobile phone dependence as well as its relation with unintentional injuries in middle school students / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the interaction between health literacy,mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries in middle school students,and to provide guidance for prevention on unintentional injuries in adolescents.Methods From November 2015 to January 2016,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 22 628 middle school students in Shenyang of Liaoning province,Bengbu of Anhui province,Xinxiang of Henan province,Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Chongqing and Yangjiang of Guangdong province.Chinese Adolescent Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire (CAIHLQ),Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU),and Unintentional Injuries Assessment Scale and demographic variables were used to measure the health literacy,mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries among the Chinese middle school students.Results The detection rates of mobile phone dependence and unintentional injuries were 25.4％ and 46.7％,respectively.The rates of unintentional injuries of middle school students with mobile phone dependence and with low,medium and high health literacy were 53.6％,44.4％ and 48.8％,48.1％,41.7％.Factors as mobile phone dependence,low and middle health literacy were positively related to unintentional injuries (OR=1.452,1.196,1.364).However,the multiplicative interaction between mobile phone dependence and health literacy on unintentional injuries was noticed significant (OR=1.217,95％CI:1.041-1.422).Conclusions Our results showed that the prevalence of unintentional injuries was relatively high in middle school students.Health literacy and mobile phone dependence seemed related to unintentional injuries.Interaction between health literacy and mobile phone dependence on unintentional injuries appeared significant.

Criterios de valoración geriátrica integral en adultos mayores con dependencia moderada y severa en Centros de Atención Primaria en Chile / Functional geriatric assessment in primary health care

The functional assessment of moderately or severely dependent older people encompasses social, psychological and biological aspects that may influence their quality of life and their degree of independence. This paper reviews the global geriatric assessment that should be performed in primary health care (PHC) for moderately or severely dependent older people. Since 2012 in PHC in Chile, the norm establishes that the degree of independence of older people should be assessed using the Barthel scale and caregiver stress should be evaluated using Zarit scale. People with severe disability should receive home care. We recommend to evaluate also cognitive aspects using the minimental state examination (MMSE) to Barthel Index or using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), since they are closely associated with functional capacity.

Validación de un test breve para el diagnóstico de capacidad funcional en adultos mayores en Chile / Validation of a brief screening test to assess functional capacity in Chilean older people

Background: The Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ) is a validated instrument used in Chile to diagnose dependency in older people. Aim: To suggest a shorter and easier version of the PFAQ, with appropriate levels of sensitivity and specificity, which may be applied to the general older population. Material and Methods: Three Chilean surveys applied to older people were used, namely the Survey of Life Events of the Elderly, (n = 1,371) and the 2010 and 2013 National Surveys of Quality of Life of Older People (n = 1,954 and 2,644 respectively). To evaluate the instrument, we performed correlation analysis between items and principal components analysis. We calculated internal consistency using Cronbach alpha, we computed sensitivity and specificity indicators, and analyzed convergent and predictive validity. Results: After constructing different scales, the one that gave more information and had the best balance between sensitivity and specificity was chosen. Items with less weight factor and greater gender bias were eliminated, keeping seven questions from the original PFAQ. Reliability was verified using Cronbach alpha s coefficient and from correlations between the new instrument and key variables. Conclusions: According to our goals, the proposed scale is solely conformed by items that do not have gender bias. It discriminates in the general population adequately, allowing the design of a shorter test, of easier implementation.

Imagem corporal e dependência de exercícios físicos em frequentadores de uma academia de ginastica da cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Body image and exercise addiction in fitness center participants in the city of de Rio de Janeiro / Imagem corporal y dependencia de ejercicios físicos practicantes de una academia de gimnasia de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a insatisfação com a imagem corporal e a dependência de exercícios físicos entre frequentadores de uma academia de ginástica. Participaram do estudo 106 praticantes de exercícios físicos, de ambos os sexos e idades entre 16 e 79 anos. Para verificação da insatisfação com a imagem corporal utilizou-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Para detecção de dependênciade exercícios físicos foi usado o Negative Addiction Scale (NAS). O escore médio do BSQ foi de 80,8 (leve preocupação); 29,62% reportaram alguma preocupação com a imagem corporal; e 19,81% manifestaram dependência de exercícios físicos. Conclui-se que os praticantes de exercícios físicos apresentam taxas de insatisfação corporal ligeiramente maiores que outros grupos.

The purpose of this study was to identify body image dissatisfaction and exercise addictionamong fitness center participants. The study included 106 physical exercise practitioners(both male and female; aged 16-79 years). A Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ)was used to measure body dissatisfaction and a Negative Addiction Scale (NAS) wasused to measure exercise addiction. The score of the participants in BSQ was 80.8 (lowconcern); 29.62% were categorized as having some concern with body image; and,19.81% were physical exercise addicted. The investigation shows that fitness center’sparticipants have higher body dissatisfaction when compared to order group.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y la dependenciade ejercicio entre los clientes de un gimnasio. El estudio incluyó a 106 practicantesde ejercicios físicos, de ambos sexos y con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los79 años. Para la verificación de la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal se utilizó el BodyShape Questionnaire (BSQ). Para la detección de la dependencia física se utilizó la NegativeAddiction Scale (NAS). La puntuación media del BSQ fue de 80,8 (problema leve);unos 29,62% informaron cierta preocupación por la imagen corporal; y unos 19,81% teníandependencia del ejercicio. La investigación señala que los que practican ejercicios fí-sicos en los gimnasios demuestran tasas de insatisfacción corporal ligeramente más elevadasque otros grupos.

Perfil das instituições de longa permanência para idosos em uma cidade no estado de São Paulo / Profile of long-term care institutions in a city in the state of São Paulo

O objetivo deste estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal foi caracterizar o perfil de instituições de longa permanência para idosos de Botucatu, SP. Foram entrevistados os responsáveis técnicos e coordenadores de nove instituições existentes no município, com análise de concordância de algumas respostas, e foi aplicada a escala de Katz para avaliar o nível de dependência dos idosos. Os principais resultados foram: deficiência de recursos, principalmente humanos; dificuldades quanto a referência e contrarreferência; falta de rede de apoio social e problemas nas relações com os familiares dos idosos. Além disso, havia restrição de atividades de lazer para os idosos, e tanto a avaliação da qualidade de assistência prestada quanto as atividades de educação continuada para os cuidadores não ocorriam de forma sistematizada. O estudo mostrou a necessidade de atividades que promovam a autonomia e integração social dos idosos, bem como a capacitação e seleção mais criteriosa dos cuidadores. Portanto, torna-se importante a atuação de profissionais qualificados por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, havendo melhor integração dos serviços com participação de diversos órgãos envolvidos na assistência ao idoso e devem ser mantidos e fortalecidos os vínculos familiares nesse processo.

This descriptive, quantitative and transversal study aimed to characterize the profile of long-term care institutions in the city of Botucatu, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We interviewed technical managers and the coordinators of nine institutions in the municipality, with concordance analysis of some answers it was used the Katz instrument to analyze the degree of dependency of elderly. The main results were: lack of resources, especially human; reference and counter-reference difficulties; lack of social support and problems related to their relatives. Moreover, there were leisure activities restrictions for elderly people and both the evaluation of the quality of assistance and continuing education activities that contribute to caregivers did not occur systematically. The study showed the need of activities that promote independence and social integration of elderly, and more careful selection and training of caregivers. Therefore, the performance of skilled professionals through an interdisciplinary approach is important, with better integration of services with the participation of several agencies involved in the care of the elderly, and family ties should be maintained and strengthened in this process.

Identification of the support needs of individuals with severe mental illness using the Supports Intensity Scale / Identificacao das necessidades de apoio em pessoas com doenca mental grave utilizando a Escala de Intensidade de Apoios / Identificacion de necesidades de apoyo en personas con enfermedad mental severa utilizando la Escala de Intensidad de Apoyos

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the intensity of the support needs of individuals with severe mental illness. METHODS: quantitative and descriptive study that applied the Supports Intensity Scale to a sample comprising 182 individuals. RESULTS: the supports intensity profile identifies groups, individuals, and areas with different needs of support relative to the domains of home living, health, community living, learning, employment, and social living. As a whole, the intensity level of support needs found was low, and the domains with greater needs were employment and social. CONCLUSIONS: identification of the intensity of support needs is helpful in planning integral care and detecting professional training needs. The support provision-centered approach, associated with the person-related outcomes perspective, has been sparsely applied to individuals with mental illness, and this represents the main contribution of the present study. In addition, this study introduces novel approaches to assessment that are both concordant and an innovation in nursing because they might provide a tool for understanding other disabilities. .

OBJETIVO: caracterizar o perfil da intensidade das necessidades de apoio em indivíduos com doença mental grave. METODOLOGIA: quantitativa, no contexto de um estudo descritivo que utilizou a escala de intensidade de apoios como instrumento, sendo aplicada a amostra constituída por 182 pessoas. RESULTADOS: o perfil de intensidade de apoio identifica grupos, pessoas e áreas com diferentes níveis de necessidades de apoio na vida no lar, saúde, comunidade, aprendizagem, emprego e vida social. De modo geral, o perfil identificado foi de baixa intensidade, sendo que as áreas que apresentaram as maiores necessidades foram aquelas correspondentes a emprego e vida social. CONCLUSÕES: essa identificação contribui para o planejamento do cuidado de modo integral e, além disso, permite a identificação de necessidades na formação profissional. Essa abordagem, centrada na proporção de apoios combinada com a perspectiva de resultados referidos à pessoa, tem sido pouco utilizada no caso de indivíduos com doença mental e nisso consiste a contribuição singular do presente estudo. Além disso, este estudo possibilita a inclusão de novas formas de avaliação que são consistentes e inovadoras na área de enfermagem, porque podem representar uma ferramenta para a compreensão de outras deficiências. .

OBJETIVO: caracterizar el perfil de intensidad de necesidades de apoyo de personas con enfermedad mental severa. METODOLOGÍA: cuantitativa desarrollando un estudio descriptivo, utilizando como instrumento la escala de intensidad de apoyos que se aplicó a una muestra de 182 personas. RESULTADOS: el perfil de intensidad de apoyos identifica grupos, personas y áreas con diferentes niveles de necesidades de apoyo en las áreas de vida en el hogar, salud, comunidad, aprendizaje, empleo y vida social. De forma global, el perfil identificado es bajo, mostrando necesidades más elevadas en las áreas de empleo y vida social. CONCLUSIONES: esta identificación ayuda a planificar el cuidado de forma integral permitiendo además identificar necesidades en la formación profesional. Este enfoque centrado en la proporción de apoyos, y relacionado con la perspectiva de resultados referidos a la persona ha sido poco utilizado en personas con enfermedad mental, es ahí donde radica la aportación de este estudio. Además posibilita contar con nuevas formas de valoración que son concordantes y novedosas para la Enfermería porque pueden constituir una herramienta para comprender otras discapacidades. .

Characteristics and intentions of ceasing smoking among patients at a smoking cessation clinic of a Shanghai hospital / 中华全科医师杂志

To analyze the data of 284 smoking patients visiting the clinic during January 2009 to December 2011.There were 273 males and 11 females with a mean age of 49 years and an average length of 26 years of smoking 24 cigarettes per day.The average volume fraction of exhaled carbon monoxide was 16 × 10-6.The average score of Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence (FTND) was 5.The importance,confidence and preparation of quitting smoking were graded at an average of 8.5,6.7 and 7.6 respectively.Abstinence rate was 66.1％ at 1 month and 50.9％ at 3 months.A particular focus was placed upon those smokers with more serious nicotine dependence and longer smoking years.They knew much about the importance of smoking cessation,but there was a lack of confidence.Smoking cessation improves abstinence rate via behavioral counseling,psychotherapy and medication.We should strengthen publicity of smoking cessation and smoking cessation clinic to attract more patients with heightened confidence through treatment.

A dependência na velhice sob a ótica de cuidadores formais de idosos institucionalizados / The dependence on aging process in the view of old age caregivers in a nursing home / La dependencia en la vejez en la opinión de cuidadores de adultos mayores asilados

Com o objetivo de analisar a concepção de dependência entre cuidadores formais de idosos em uma instituição asilar do município de Maringá (PR), foi realizado estudo exploratório com cuidadores de idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência. A população do estudo foi constituída por dez profissionais de saúde (um enfermeiro, quatro técnicos, três auxiliares e dois atendentes de enfermagem). A coleta de dados foi realizada em agosto de 2005 por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravadas e transcritas, com posterior elaboração de um protocolo de respostas, de onde se originaram as categorias que incluíram o conceito de dependência, sua classificação e avaliação dos padrões de interação dependência/cuidado. A dependência é considerada como um acontecimento natural e esperado, associado ou não às doenças, e que pode levar a limitações. Maior importância é atribuída à dependência psicológica/afetiva e a maioria dos cuidadores reconhece que na prática do cuidado diário é criada uma dependência comportamental nos idosos. Fica evidente que a falta de conhecimento específico, assim como os preconceitos relacionados à dependência na velhice, associada às deficientes condições de trabalho, entre outros fatores, podem levar ao aumento da dependência e à restrição da autonomia, bem como interferir na qualidade do atendimento.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the conceptions of dependence on aging process, within formal or professional caregivers in a nursing home in Maringá (PR). This is a study, of exploratory character, with caretakers working in a long-period-assistance institution. which, renders care to people over 60 years old. The population studied is constituted of ten professionals (a nurse, four technicians, three nurse-assistants, and two nurse-attendants). Data collection was carried out in August/2005 by using semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed, and later, have helped in the elaboration of an answering protocol that originated thematic categories, which inclueded the conceptions of dependence, its classificacion and the dependence/care patterns estimate. The dependence on others is considered a natural and expected thing or event, being associated (or not) to diseases, and it can lead the individual to certain limitations. Greater importance is attributed to the psychological-affective dependence, and most of caregivers have recognized that old people in daily care develop a behavioral dependence. It is evident that the lack of specific knowledge, as well as, the prejudice and the stereotyped vision of the old age process, in addition to deficient working conditions, among some other factors, can cause the increase of the dependence level and, consequently, can restrict autonomy, interfering in the quality of services provided to old people.

El presente estudio, de carácter exploratorio, tiene como objetivo analizar concepciones de dependencia en la vejez que hay entre los cuidadores formales de ancianos, enuna institución que alberga a ese público, en el minucipio de Maringá, Paraná. La población en estudio está constituida por diez profesionales (uno es enfermero, cuatro técnicos, tres auxiliares y dos atendientes de enfermería). La colecta de datos se ha realizado en el mes de agosto/2005 por medio de entrevistas semi estructuradas, grabadas y escritas, con posterior elaboración de una ficha de respuestas, que dieron origen a las categorías que incluíram el concepto de dependencia, su clasificación y la evaluación de lo padron de interacción dependencia/cuidado. La dependencia se considera como un hecho natural y esperado, sociado o no a las enfermedades, lo que puede llevar a limitaciones. Una mayor importancia se le atribuye a la dependencia sicilógica/afectiva, y la mayoría de los cuidadores reconoce que en la práctica del cuidado diario, se crea una dependencia comportamental por parte de los ancianos. Queda en evidencia que la falta del conocimiento específico, así como los prejuicios y la visión estereotipada de la vejez, más las deficientes condiciones de trabajo, entre otros factores, pueden llevar al aumento de la dependencia y a la restricción de la autonomía, así como pueden interferir en la calidad de la atención.

Síndrome de carga del cuidador / Caregiver Burden Syndrome

Introducción: el malestar físico y psicológico que pueden experimentar los cuidadores de pacientes con algún daño cerebral está estrechamente ligado con su rol. Los estudios realizados en países diferentes a Colombia evidencian que son una población altamente vulnerable, con pobres estrategias de afrontamiento que favorezcan su proceso adaptativo. Objetivo: hacer hincapié en que el concepto del síndrome de carga del cuidador (SCC) carece de discusión acerca de su validez y utilidad, por lo que existen grandes defi ciencias teóricas y metodológicas para su manejo. Método: se hace una presentación tipo ensayo en la que es posible exponer los datos más signifi cativos acerca de algunos de los estudios realizados al respecto y de toda la información que ayude a explicar la etiología del síndrome, a diferenciarlo de otros tipos de trastornos, además de considerar las intervenciones más adecuadas y efi caces ante dicha problemática y las controversias que pueden delimitarse en torno al tema. Conclusión: la presentación de las diferentes variables como promotoras de la aparición del SCC demuestra, una vez más, la importancia de estudiar los factores relacionados con la sobrecarga y las diferencias entre los cuidadores, a la hora de defi nir las causas que lo expliquen.

Introduction: Physical and psychological discomfort experimented by caregivers of patients with some degree of brain damage is closely related to their role. Studies from countries other than Colombia show a highly vulnerable population, with poor coping strategies. Objective: To stress the fact that the concept of caregiver burden syndrome (CBS) has not been discussed as to its validity and usefulness. In consequence, there are a great many theoretical and methodological differences regarding its management. Method: An essay-type presentation is made, describing the more signifi cant data arising from studies done on the subject looking for information that can help explain the etiology of the syndrome, differentiating it from other syndromes. The most appropriate and effi cacious interventions are also considered, and controversy surrounding the subject is discussed as well. Conclusion: The difference in variables contributing to the appearance of the CBS establish, once more, that when trying to explain its causes factors related to the burden and the differences between caregivers must be taken into account.